Transa!: Lazer e festa da música brasileira / Transa!: Leisure and party of brazilian music

Este estudo apresenta uma imersão cultural da Festa Transa! ­ Música Brasileira; o ponto de partida para a pesquisa foi a busca pelo entendimento das relações estabelecidas entre os espaços de lazer e os sujeitos que os compõem. A análise a partir de uma etnografia foi realizada para que fosse possível estabelecer um "olhar de perto e de dentro"; para aprofundar e dialogar com os/as autores/as, foi realizada uma pesquisa com os organizadores da Festa Transa! ­ Música Brasileira e com 25 participantes que se disponibilizaram em responder os questionários por meio da plataforma Google Forms. A pesquisa possibilitou entender o contexto do surgimento da Festa, como se constituem e como pensam os sujeitos do "pedaço" e aprofundar acerca das representações da Transa! ­ Música Brasileira enquanto tempo e espaço de lazer.

This study presents a cultural immersion of the Transa! ­ Música Brasileira; the starting point for the research was the search for understanding the established relations between leisure spaces and the subjects that compose them. The analysis from an ethnography was performed so that it was possible to establish a "close and inside look"; in order to deepen and dialogue with the authors, a survey was carried out with the organizers of the Transa! ­ Música Brasileira and with 25 participants who volunteered to answer the questionnaires through the Google Forms platform. The research made it possible to understand the emergence of the party, how the subjects of the "turf" constitute and think and to deepen about the representations of the Transa! ­ Música Brasileira as time and leisure space.

Práticas equestres de corrida no Rio Grande do Sul: configurações e redes de interdependência / Race equestrian practices in Rio Grande do Sul: configurations and web of interdependences / Prácticas ecuestres de carrera en Rio Grande do Sul: configuraciones y redes de interdependencia

Este estudo buscou compreender as configurações das corridas de cavalos, no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, na transição entre os séculos XIX e XX, especificamente as práticas das carreiras de cancha reta e do turfe, com enfoque analítico em um personagem empírico: o "sul-rio-grandense". Foram analisados documentos impressos. Evidenciou-se que estas corridas estabeleceram configurações culturais e esportivas, expressando-se como espaços plurais de múltiplas relações sociais dinâmicas nos momentos de divertimento para a população envolvida em seu contexto. Estas práticas agrupavam indivíduos com diferentes representações identitárias e constituíram uma configuração cultural que produzia representações relacionadas às identidades de diferentes grupos sociais.

This study aimed to understand the configurations of horse races in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, in the transition between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, specifically the practice of straight line horse races and turf races, with an analytical approach in an empirical character: the Rio Grande do Sul native. Printed documents were analyzed. It was evidenced that these races established cultural and sportive configurations, expressing themselves as plural spaces of multiple dynamic social relations in moments of amusement for the population involved in its context. These practices grouped individuals with different identity representations and formed a cultural configuration that produced representations related to the identities of different social groups.

Este estudio buscó comprender las configuraciones de las carreras de caballos, en Rio Grande do Sul, en la transición entre los siglos XIX y XX, específicamente las prácticas de las carreras de cancha recta y del turfe, con enfoque analítico en un personaje empírico: el "sur-rio-grandense". Se analizaron documentos impresos. Se evidenció que estas carreras establecieron configuraciones culturales, expresándose como espacios plurales de múltiples relaciones sociales dinámicas en los momentos de diversión para la población involucrada en su contexto. Estas prácticas agrupaban a individuos con diferentes representaciones identitarias y constituyeron una configuración cultural que producía representaciones relacionadas con las identidades de diferentes grupos sociales.

Corridas de cavalos em Campinas: das ruas e dos quilombos ao hipódromo (1870-1898) / Horse racing in Campinas: from streets and quilombos to the hippodrome (1870-1898) / Carreras de caballos en Campinas: de las calles y los quilombos al hipódromo (1870-1898)

Este artigo analisa o surgimento e o desenvolvimento inicial das corridas de cavalos em Cam-pinas, entre 1870 e 1898. Para analisar essa prática que expressa novas relações com a nature-za, aproximamo-nos do debate acerca da historicidade dessas novas relações que se configu-ram em atitudes humanas diante do mundo natural. Metodologicamente, o artigo é caracteri-zado como pesquisa histórica, pautada pelos procedimentos da história cultural, e o conjunto de fontes foi constituído por dois jornais locais e imagens. Presentes em várias cidades brasi-leiras neste período, as corridas de cavalos ganham notoriedade em Campinas a partir da construção do primeiro hipódromo da cidade e atestam a passagem de uma prática de diverti-mento que se sistematiza e se aproxima da lógica do esporte moderno.

This paper analyzes the emergence and initial development of horse racing in Campinas, be-tween 1870 and 1898. In order to analyze this practice that expresses new relations with na-ture, we needed to approach the debate about the historicity of these new relations that con-figure human attitudes towards the natural world. The paper is characterized as a historical research based on the procedures of cultural history, using a set of sources constituted by two local newspapers andimages. Horse racing was present in many Brazilian cities in this period. They gained notoriety in Campinas with the construction of the city's racecourse and con-firmed the transformation of an amusement practice that is systematized towards the logics of modern sports.

Analizamos aquí el surgimiento y desarrollo inicial de las carreras de caballo en Campinas, entre 1870 y 1898. Para analizar esta práctica que expresa nuevas relaciones con la naturaleza, nos aproximamos del debate sobre la historicidad de estas nuevas relaciones que se configu-ran en actitudes humanas frente al mundo natural. El artículo se caracteriza como una investi-gación histórica basada en los procedimientos de la historia cultural, y las fuentes fueron constituidas por dos diarios locales e imágenes. Presente en varias ciudades brasileras del pe-ríodo, las carreras de caballo ganan notoriedad en Campinas a partir de la construcción de su primer hipódromo y atestan el pasaje de una práctica de divertimento que se sistematiza y se aproxima de la lógica del deporte moderno.

O sport em transição: Rio de Janeiro, 1851-1868 / Sport in transition: Rio de Janeiro, 1851-1868 / El deporte en transición: Rio de Janeiro, 1851-1868

Este estudo tem por objetivo discutir as experiências esportivas em curso no Rio de Janeiro entre os anos de 1851, momento em que já tinham sido fundados os dois primeiros clubes, e 1868, quando foi criada uma agremiação mais sólida e longeva, o Jockey Club. Para alcance do objetivo, como fontes foram utilizados periódicos editados na cidade no período em tela. Ao final, concluímos que a conjugação de aspectos internos do campo esportivo com fatores externos/contextuais ajuda a entender o porquê de o esporte somente dar passos mais seguros na capital brasileira a partir do final dos anos 1860.

This study discusses sporting experiences under way in Rio de Janeiro between 1851, when the first two clubs had been already founded, and 1868, when a key and long-lasting association was created – the Jockey Club. To reach that aim, newspapers and magazines published in the city in the period under consideration were used as sources. Finally, we concluded that the combination of internal aspects of the sports field with external/contextual factors helps to understand why sport only developed in the Brazilian capital in the late 1860s.

Este estudio tiene como objetivo discutir las experiencias deportivas en marcha en Rio de Janeiro entre los años 1851, cuando habían sido fundados los dos primeros clubes, y 1868, cuando fue creada una asociación más sólida y longeva, el Jockey Club. Para alcanzar el objetivo, se utilizaron como fuentes periódicos publicados en la ciudad en ese período. Al final, concluimos que la combinación de aspectos internos del campo deportivo con factores externos/contextuales ayuda a entender la razón de que el deporte haya dado pasos más seguros en la capital del país solamente a partir de fines de la década de 1860.

Overuse Capsuloligamentous Injury of the First Metatarsophalangeal Joint: A Case Report / 대한족부족관절학회지

Capsuloligamentous injury at the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint is a common traumatic injury during physical activity, particularly on artificial turf. Mechanism of injury include excessive flexion, extension, or valgus stress. We report a non-operatively treated capsuloligamentous injury at the first MTP joint, which did not occur traumatically but developed by a stress-related mechanism in a collegiate rower.

Os primeiros vestígios da esportivização das práticas equestres em Porto Alegre / The first vestiges of the sportivization of the equestrian practices in Porto Alegre

O presente estudo tem por objetivo compreender como as práticas equestres incorporaram elementos de esportivização, em Porto Alegre, entre meados do século XIX e o início do século XX. Para tanto, as práticas equestres foram tratadas como práticas culturais que produzem representações; assim, para a realização desta pesquisa histórica, foram analisadas informações coletadas em jornais e revistas porto-alegrenses que circulavam no período, como o Almanaque Esportivo do Rio Grande do Sul, a Revista Sportiva, a Revista do Globo, o Correio do Povo e a Gazeta de Porto Alegre. As práticas equestres são práticas culturais que estão relacionadas historicamente com a configuração do cenário sociocultural de Porto Alegre. O cavalo, para a identidade do sul-rio-grandense, representa um de seus símbolos, uma vez que sempre se associaram, ao longo da história do Rio Grande do Sul. A parceria entre homem e animal está presente, também, nos momentos de lazer e diversão. As fontes revelaram que, no contexto predominantemente rural, em Porto Alegre, na segunda metade do século XIX, emergiram as primeiras práticas equestres com elementos de esportivização. Neste período, já ocorriam, na cidade, práticas esportivas com a participação do cavalo, como, por exemplo, as “carreiras em cancha reta”, o turfe, e as touradas. Dentre estas, destacam-se o turfe como exemplo de práticas equestres que desenvolveram propriedades características de esporte moderno. Outras práticas equestres, relacionadas com a raça equina crioula, procuravam reproduzir o trabalho campeiro dos pampas sul-rio-grandenses, o qual ocorria já desde o século XVI. Algumas destas práticas são: o Freio de Ouro, o Tiro de Laço e o Crioulaço, as quais também despontavam elementos de esportivização.

This study aims to understand how equestrian practices have incorporated sportivization elements, in Porto Alegre, between the mid-nineteenth century and the early twentieth century. For that, equestrian practices were treated as cultural practices producing representations; thus, to accomplish this historical research, information collected from newspapers and magazines that circulated in Porto Alegre in the period were analyzed, such as the Sports Almanac of Rio Grande do Sul, Sportiva Magazine, Globo Magazine, Correio do Povo and Gazeta de Porto Alegre. Equestrian practices are cultural practices that are historically related with the the sociocultural setting configuration of Porto Alegre. The horse, for the identity of Rio Grande do Sul, is one of its symbols, since they have been always associated, throughout its history. The partnership between man and animal is also present in moments of relaxation and enjoyment. Sources revealed that within the predominantly rural context, in Porto Alegre, in the second half of the nineteenth century, the first equestrian practices with sportivization elements emerged. In this period, in the city, sports practices involving the horse were already occuring, for example, “straight line horse races”, turf, and bullfighting. Among these, we highlight turf as an example of an equestrian practice that has developed features properties of a modern sport. Other equestrian practices, related to the equine breed Crioulo, sought to reproduce the field work of Rio Grande do Sul’s pampas, which have occurred since the sixteenth century. Some of these practices are: the Golden Bridle, the shot of Lasso with Horse and the shot of Lasso with Crioulo Horse, which also sprouted sportivization elements.

Seasonal variation and occurrence of algal turf community in Lake Ladik, Turkey.

The composition and seasonal variation of the algal turf of Lake Ladik were studied using samples collected from one station between June 2000 and May 2001. 50 taxa of diatoms were identified in the epiphyton. Navicula veneta, N. halophila, Nitzschia fonticola and Aulacoseira distans were particularly important on turf community. During the October month several Navicula species become progressively more important. Gomphonema lateripunctatum was particularly notable. Other diatoms were occasionally abundant, including Cymbella affinis, C. silesiaca, Navicula cryptocephala, Gomphonema olivaceum and Cyclotella ocellata. Also Navicula lanceolata and Anomoeoneis brachysira were conspicuous, owing to their large size, but were never numerically abundant. Fragilaria ulna and Nitzschia palea were found in low numbers in study area and this pointed out there has not been a remarkable abundance of algal pollution in Lake Ladik. The associations between July and August with bonds to June, January and February with bonds to April were most significant in the study period obtained by cluster analysis. Shannon diversity and evenness presented small variations during the study period. Lake Ladik presented low values of species richness particularly during summer period and highest values were recorded in April. According to canonical correspondence analysis, there was association between some Navicula and Nitzschia species with PO4-, NH3-N. Also the multivariate analysis showed, temperature as the most important factor in the distribution and abundance of diatoms on turf biomass.

Health Risk Assessment of Lead Ingestion Exposure by Particle Sizes in Crumb Rubber on Artificial Turf Considering Bioavailability

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to assess the risk of ingestion exposure of lead by particle sizes of crumb rubber in artificial turf filling material with consideration of bioavailability. METHODS: This study estimated the ingestion exposure by particle sizes (more than 250 um or less than 250 um) focusing on recyclable ethylene propylene diene monomer crumb rubber being used as artificial turf filling. Analysis on crumb rubber was conducted using body ingestion exposure estimate method in which total content test method, acid extraction method and digestion extraction method are reflected. Bioavailability which is a calibrating factor was reflected in ingestion exposure estimate method and applied in exposure assessment and risk assessment. Two methods using acid extraction and digestion extraction concentration were compared and evaluated. RESULTS: As a result of the ingestion exposure of crumb rubber material, the average lead exposure amount to the digestion extraction result among crumb rubber was calculated to be 1.56x10(-4) mg/kg-day for low grade elementary school students and 4.87x10(-5) mg/kg-day for middle and high school students in 250 um or less particle size, and that to the acid extraction result was higher than the digestion extraction result. Results of digestion extraction and acid extraction showed that the hazard quotient was estimated by about over 2 times more in particle size of lower than 250 um than in higher than 250 um. There was a case of an elementary school student in which the hazard quotient exceeded 0.1. CONCLUSIONS: Results of this study confirm that the exposure of lead ingestion and risk level increases as the particle size of crumb rubber gets smaller.

Revista do globo: as mulheres porto-alegrenses nas práticas equestres / Revista do globo magazine: Porto Alegre’s women in equestrian practices

O turfe e o hipismo são assuntos veiculados pela Revista do Globo, editada em Porto Alegre, capital do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, de 1929 até 1967. O objetivo deste estudo histórico foi identificar que representações das mulheres nas práticas equestres em Porto Alegre foram produzidas pela Revista do Globo no período de sua publicação. Realizou-se uma análise de conteúdo das reportagens da revista acerca destas práticas. As reportagens sugerem duas imagens sobre as mulheres no contexto das práticas equestres: no turfe, a presença feminina é limitada à assistência, associada à elegância, à fragilidade; no hipismo, as mulheres competem com igualdade com os homens, alcançando vitórias. Este olhar remete à análise do contexto sociocultural e político-econômico porto-alegrense que sustentou tais práticas equestres, cada qual reservando à mulher distintas possibilidades de atuação. Tais representações construídas pela revista podem resultar das distintas origens históricas e étnico-culturais do turfe e do hipismo.

Turf and show jumping are topics diffused by Revista do Globo magazine, edited in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul’s capital state, from 1929 until 1967. The aim of this study was to identify which women’s representations in equestrian practices in Porto Alegre were produced by Revista do Globo magazine in its publication period. A content analysis of the magazine´s reports about these practices was carried out. The reports suggest two images about women in equestrian practices context: in turf, feminine presence limited to assistance and to elegance and frailty. In show jumping, women, competing with equality with men, reaching victories. This magazine’s look remits to social cultural and political economical Porto Alegre´s context analysis which sustained both equestrian practices, each one reserving different possibilities of actuation to the woman. These representations constructed for women by the magazine can result from the different historical and ethnic-cultural origins of turf and show jumping.

Relative salinity tolerance of warm season turfgrass species.

Fresh water, coupled with soil salinization in many areas has resulted in an increased need for screening of salt tolerant turf grasses. Relative salinity tolerance of eight warm season turfgrass species were examined in this study in sand culture. Grasses were grown in a glasshouse, irrigated with either distilled water or saline sea water adjusted to 24, 48 or 72 dSm-1. Salt tolerances of the grasses were assessed on the basis of their shoot and root growth, leaf firing and turf quality. Regression analysis indicated that Zoysia japonica (Japanese lawn grass) (JG), Stenotaphrum secundatum (St. Augustine) (SA), Cynodon dactylon ( satiri) (BS), Zoysia teneuifolia (Korean grass) (KG), Digitaria didactyla (Serangoon grass) (SG), Cynodon dactylon (Tifdwarf) (TD), Paspalum notatum (Bahia grass) (BG) and Axonopus compressus (Pearl blue) (PB) suffered a 50% shoot growth reduction at 36.0, 31.8, 30.9, 28.4, 26.4, 25.7, 20.0 and 18.6 dSm-1 of salinity, respectively and a root growth reduction at 44.9, 43.7, 33.4, 31.0, 29.5 27.5, 21.5 and 21.4 dSm-1 of salinity, respectively. Leaf firing and turf quality of the selected species, as a whole, were also found to be affected harmoniously with the change in root and shoot growth. On the basis of the experimental results the selected species were ranked for salinity tolerance as JG>SA>BS>KG>SG >TD>BG>PB.

Initial experience of transurethral radiofrequency thermotherapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Transeurethral Radiofrequency (TURF) Thermotherapy is a new acceptable treatment modality for benign prostatic hyperplasia. We treated 70 cases of BPH patients by TURF Thermotherapy (THERMEX-II). Among them, we got a follow-up observation on 37 patients (urinary retention: 16 cases, non-urinary retention:21 cases) each at 1 month and 3 months after treatment. Mean age of patients was 69.1 years and their mean prostatic weight was 40.5gr by transrectal prostatic ultrasonogram. All patients were treated single session for 2 hours without any sedation, and well tolerated with the temperature of 47-48degree. We evaluate patients with Boyarsky symptom score, urine flow rate, volume of residual urine and patient`s subjective symptoms before and after treat- The results were as follows ; 1. The mean Boyarsky symptom score was 15.4 before treatment, it became 9.9 at 1 month and 8.8 at 3 months after treatment. 2. In the retention patients : Mean maximal flow rate was 6.53ml/sec at 1 month. 8.47ml/sec at 3 months, and residual urine was 70ml at 1 month, 57ml at 3 months after treatment. 3. In the non-retention patients : Mean maximal flow rate increased from 4.74ml/sec to 10.29ml/ sec at 1 month. 10.76ml/sec at 3 months, and residual urine decreased from 60.7ml/ to 20ml at 1 month. 17.2ml at 3 months after treatment. 4. Complications were acute urinary retention (14.3% ) and gross hematuria (8.1%), but it was resolved by conservative treatment. There were no urinary tract infection, bladder spasm or other complications after treatment. We conclude TURF thermotherapy is one of the good and safe treatment in benign prostatic hyperplasia.